From the category archives:

Inequality

Recession and Inequality

February 5, 2009

Megan McArdle writes:
[R]ecessions can make many, or even most people materially better off, because wages are sticky downward and prices are much less so.  Most of what recessions do is deepen the gap between the haves and the have-nots.  Those who have a job may experience declining costs and actually improve their purchasing power.  But [...]

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Parties, Government Capture, and Poverty

February 3, 2009

Nancy Rosenblum’s apology for partisanship put me in mind of some thoughts on the perils of strong party identification in the section on inequality and democracy in my forthcoming Cato paper. 
[T]he danger of “capture” in democratic politics is not primarily a matter of systemic conflicts of economic interest between those occupying different strata of the [...]

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New at Free Will: Lew Daly and Unjust Deserts

February 2, 2009

In this week’s Free Will, I chat with Lew Daly of Demos about his book with Gar Alperovitz, Unjust Deserts: How the Rich Are Taking Our Common Inheritance and Why We Should Take It Back. I found the book, especially the first part, stimulating if unconvincing. Daly and Alperovitz adopt a Douglass North-style neo-institutionalism and [...]

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If You’re Not Outraged, You’ve Internalized a System-Justifying Ideology

January 31, 2009

“I just don’t believe this,” is as close as Hedgemaster General Tyler Cowen ever gets to “this is total bullshit.” Well, that’s his response to Jamie Napier and John Jost’s argument [pdf] that conservatives report higher levels of happiness than do liberals largely because of their failure to be pained by high levels of economic inequality. Well, I just [...]

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Glaeser’s Libertarian Progressivism

January 22, 2009

I have no idea how I missed Ed Glaeser’s blog post on “small-government egalitarianism,” which he also dubs “libertarian progressivism.” By “egalitarianism” I don’t think Glaeser intends a view strictly oriented toward the equalization of economic holdings so much as he intends something like “prioritarianism,” as some political philosophers would call it: the view that [...]

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Clubs versus Social Justice

January 15, 2009

So, enough with vacation pictures! Here are some riffs extending a few lines of argument in my forthcoming Cato paper on inequality… 
The pattern of wages and incomes at the level of the nation state is morally arbitrary. A fortiori, as Hayek notes, desert-based conceptions of national pattern are doubly hopeless. Wages are determined by demand in [...]

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Outliers, Inequality, and Injustice

November 30, 2008

Ezra Klein writes:
But since we justify income inequality by understanding success as an outcome of virtue, there’s a tendency to ascribe achievement to diligent effort rather than the market’s amoral decisions to attach high value to certain spheres of labor and low value to others. The important variable for success, however, does not seem to be [...]

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Complementarity and Contingency

November 19, 2008

Tyler Cowen’s post on Malcolm Gladwell’s Outliers is fascinating. 
The main point, in economic language, is that human talent is heterogeneous and that the talent of a particular person must mesh with the capital structure of his or her time if major success is to result.
[...]
It is too easy to find contingency in the world and [...]

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Which Party Wins from Inequality?

November 7, 2008

Jim Manzi has graciously replied to my inequality post below. Let me just reply to this one bit now, and I’ll take up his worries about the threat of the angry mob later.
I think the reason this indicates that inequality poses “more of a political problem for Republican coalition-building than it does for the Democrats” [...]

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Tomorrow’s Politics of Inequality Today!

November 6, 2008

Of inequality, Yglesias writes:
Normally talk about the growth in inequality begins and ends with a discussion of whether or not it’s a problem and should we try to “spread the wealth around” or just not worry. But completely aside from whether or not it’s substantively a problem, it’s a political problem for conservatives. That top [...]

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Equal Chances for Equal Talent

October 24, 2008

The first part of Rawls’ Second Principle of Justice says, in Joshua Cohen’s words, “people who are are equally talented and motivated are to have equal chances to attain desirable positions, so far as this is consistent with maintaining equal basic liberties…”
This has always thrown me for a loop.
First, what little I know of economic [...]

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New at Cato Unbound: Charles Murray vs. the B.A.

October 7, 2008

Charles Murray argues that idea that everyone should get a four-year college degree is the bunk.
Here’s this month’s sales pitch:
Universal college education is often held up by politicians and pundits as a heady ideal of social progress. Economists insistently point out the “wage premium” for college graduates and infer that a main route to greater [...]

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The Trend in Real Inequality: More Evidence

October 2, 2008

Here’s the working paper [pdf] by Enrico Moretti at Berkeley:
Abstract. A large literature has documented a significant increase in the return to college over the past 30 years. This increase is typically measured using nominal wages. I show that from 1980 to 2000, college graduates have increasingly concentrated in metropolitan areas that are characterized by [...]

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The Benign Rule of Ben Bernanke and the Ideal of Democratic Equality

September 18, 2008

Tyler Cowen writes, “The economic fallout from these events [the crashes, the bailouts, the nationalizations] is dominating the headlines.  The intellectual and ideological fallout we are just beginning to contemplate.” Here’s what I’m beginning to contemplate.
If a high level of income inequality is a side-effect of voluntary exchange according to just rules, then what’s the [...]

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War (on Poverty) is Over, If You Want It

September 13, 2008

Please listen to Christian Broda, from this profile in the American :
We are underestimating the gains from trade…The current statistical interpretation ignores the fact that a poor household today can access goods that, in the 1960s, they could not—microwaves, DVDs—and, more importantly, that the prices of the staples that lower-income households consume have also gone [...]

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Inequality and Politics

August 27, 2008

Commenting on Larry Bartels’ Unequal Democracy, Frank Pasquale writes:
We are frequently told that inequality–even the extreme growth in inequality witnessed over the past 30 years–is an inevitable concomitant of globalization, or is necessary for economic growth, or can’t be remedied by politics. Bartels’ work complements the growing consensus–led by people like David Cay Johnston, Jacob [...]

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Happiness Inequality

August 4, 2008

Read Justin Wolfers first in a trilogy of posts on U.S. happiness inequality at Freakonomics.
Also check out Eduardo Porter’s account of Stevenson and Wolfer’s paper:
It seems odd that happiness would become more egalitarian over a period in which the share of the nation’s income sucked in by the richest 1 percent of Americans rose from [...]

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The Argument for Preemptive Redistribution

July 17, 2008

The author of the Economics of Contempt has published a thoughtful and stimulating post about some of my views about inequality. He concludes this:
Wilkinson seems to be of the opinion that unless U.S. income inequality is benign unless it was produced by some inefficient or unfair mechanism. He also seems to think that absent evidence [...]

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Oh, You Didn’t Want to Decrease Inequality That Way?

July 16, 2008

Judging from the comments, Marketplace listeners do not seem all that receptive to the standard explanation of growing wage inequality, nor to the idea that limits on H1-B visas constitute a subsidy to domestic skilled workers that exacerbates the wage gap. Anyway, that’s what I argued today. Here’s my conclusion:
These days, almost everybody but their [...]

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J.R. Lucas on Equality and the Multidimensionality of Status

July 15, 2008

How Have I Never Read this Paper? J.R. Lucas, “Against Equality, Again,” Philosophy 52, 1977, pp.255-280:
We can object to strictly hierarchical societies on the grounds that those on the bottom of the hierarchy—the serfs, the villeins, or the prison-camp slaves—are accorded no respect at all. But we should remedy this by having more than [...]

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Class War!

July 10, 2008

Time interviews Barbara Ehrenreich:
Some argue that today’s basic standards of living surpass anything the nation has enjoyed historically. What’s your response to that?
Well, I certainly wouldn’t want to live in the 18th century myself, or the 19th either, for that matter. I am operating on a slightly smaller time frame here and thinking that there [...]

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Feedback Loops and the Matthew Effect

June 29, 2008

From the Boston Globe:
WHILE DIFFERENCES IN talent explain at least some of the gap between haves and have-nots, two economists at MIT and Harvard think another factor is also at work. They theorize that the ability to dedicate yourself to work – and not worry about problems at home – has an amplified effect on [...]

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Americans Hate Redistribution

June 28, 2008

This is the sort of thing that makes the vein in Krugman’s forehead throb:
When given a choice about how government should address the numerous economic difficulties facing today’s consumer, Americans overwhelmingly — by 84% to 13% — prefer that the government focus on improving overall economic conditions and the jobs situation in the United States [...]

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CEO Pay and the Mechanisms of Inequality

June 19, 2008

Like a broken record, I repeat myself: A high level of income inequality means nothing in itself. If you think there is some unfairness or injustice involved then show the mechanism that produced the pattern, and then let’s consider whether there is something unjust or unfair about it. Ian Dew-Becker and Robert Gordon’s new [...]

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Is Blog Traffic Inequality Evidence of Unfairness?

June 18, 2008

Tim Lee continues to preach it over at TPMCafe
For reasons that aren’t clear to me, a lot of people seem to have a very different intuition when we’re talking about the distribution of dollars rather than eyeballs or Wikipedia edits. The mere existence of growing income inequality is treated as a prima facie evidence of [...]

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