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	<title>Comments on: Technology Technology, Institutional Technology, and Global Warming</title>
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	<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/</link>
	<description>The Sweet Release of Reason</description>
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		<title>By: tomkow</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594265</link>
		<dc:creator>tomkow</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 22:27:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594265</guid>
		<description>I invite you to consider the metaphysics of the matter:&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tomkow.typepad.com/tomkowcom/2008/05/blackburn-tru-1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tomkow.typepad.com/tomkowcom/2008/05/bla...&lt;/a&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I invite you to consider the metaphysics of the matter:</p>
<p><a href="http://tomkow.typepad.com/tomkowcom/2008/05/blackburn-tru-1.html" rel="nofollow"></a><a href="http://tomkow.typepad.com/tomkowcom/2008/05/bla.." rel="nofollow">http://tomkow.typepad.com/tomkowcom/2008/05/bla..</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: Solution: Geoengineer Trees That Will Eat Electromagnetic Pulses &#171; Around The Sphere</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594148</link>
		<dc:creator>Solution: Geoengineer Trees That Will Eat Electromagnetic Pulses &#171; Around The Sphere</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 20:50:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594148</guid>
		<description>[...] Wilkinson responds to [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Wilkinson responds to [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Kenneth Almquist</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594145</link>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Almquist</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 18:23:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594145</guid>
		<description>A coal-fired plant operating on pure carbon produces energy by coverting carbon to carbon dioxide, which releases energy.  Reversing the process, which is what a supertree would do, requires an energy input equal to the amount of energy released when the carbon dioxide was produced.  Presumably the supertree would run on solar energy.  Once you&#039;ve decided to harness solar energy, the question becomes:  is it more effective to use the solar energy to power supertrees, or to provide electricity to replace coal-fired plants?  Based on the current state of technology, it seems to me that the latter approach is more promising.  But even if supertrees turn out to be a win, they are not going to be a big one.  Solar power technology will continue to improve, at least incrementally.  Combine this with the fact that coal-fired plants are not 100% efficient, so a supertree would actually require significantly more energy as input that the energy produced by the coal-fired plant, and a supertree would have to be quite efficient just to break even.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In short, I wouldn&#039;t rule out using supertrees, but I don&#039;t think focusing on them changes the politics because the potential benefits are too small.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A coal-fired plant operating on pure carbon produces energy by coverting carbon to carbon dioxide, which releases energy.  Reversing the process, which is what a supertree would do, requires an energy input equal to the amount of energy released when the carbon dioxide was produced.  Presumably the supertree would run on solar energy.  Once you&#39;ve decided to harness solar energy, the question becomes:  is it more effective to use the solar energy to power supertrees, or to provide electricity to replace coal-fired plants?  Based on the current state of technology, it seems to me that the latter approach is more promising.  But even if supertrees turn out to be a win, they are not going to be a big one.  Solar power technology will continue to improve, at least incrementally.  Combine this with the fact that coal-fired plants are not 100% efficient, so a supertree would actually require significantly more energy as input that the energy produced by the coal-fired plant, and a supertree would have to be quite efficient just to break even.</p>
<p>In short, I wouldn&#39;t rule out using supertrees, but I don&#39;t think focusing on them changes the politics because the potential benefits are too small.</p>
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		<title>By: DogOfJustice</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594144</link>
		<dc:creator>DogOfJustice</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 18:21:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594144</guid>
		<description>Let me balance this stance a little bit.  Some of the forms of geoengineering being proposed today, such as the &quot;shooting sulfur into the sky&quot; approach mentioned in Superfreakonomics, are poor prospects because they&#039;re targeted at just global warming rather than climate change.  As much as some might scoff at the substitution of the latter term for the former (&quot;&#039;climate change&#039; is unfalsifiable!&quot;), it&#039;s a far more precise description of what we want to minimize.  There is a considerable amount of existing capital investment that would become nearly worthless if local climate changes in certain ways.  The larger the total amount of climate change, the greater the losses.  We may, in fact, increase such losses if we reduce global mean temperature in a way that is highly disruptive.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;But this merely prunes the set of geoengineering approaches we should look into.  (Supertrees?)  It does not, by any stretch of the imagination, justify pursuing an emission reduction approach that is simultaneously costly and provably insufficient.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let me balance this stance a little bit.  Some of the forms of geoengineering being proposed today, such as the &#8220;shooting sulfur into the sky&#8221; approach mentioned in Superfreakonomics, are poor prospects because they&#39;re targeted at just global warming rather than climate change.  As much as some might scoff at the substitution of the latter term for the former (&#8220;&#39;climate change&#39; is unfalsifiable!&#8221;), it&#39;s a far more precise description of what we want to minimize.  There is a considerable amount of existing capital investment that would become nearly worthless if local climate changes in certain ways.  The larger the total amount of climate change, the greater the losses.  We may, in fact, increase such losses if we reduce global mean temperature in a way that is highly disruptive.</p>
<p>But this merely prunes the set of geoengineering approaches we should look into.  (Supertrees?)  It does not, by any stretch of the imagination, justify pursuing an emission reduction approach that is simultaneously costly and provably insufficient.</p>
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		<title>By: DogOfJustice</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594143</link>
		<dc:creator>DogOfJustice</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 17:58:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594143</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;Much easier and safer to reduce carbon itself.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;It would be, if we could realistically reduce carbon emission by enough to plausibly matter.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The problem is, &lt;i&gt;that&#039;s not possible&lt;/i&gt;.  As Will said, global coordination that involves, among other things, China and India giving up huge chunks of economic growth is a far more speculative &quot;technology&quot; than just about anything technical.  If the global warming alarmists are right, it&#039;s practically certain that we&#039;ll need some form of geoengineering.  The risk is unavoidable in that case.  Given that, we may as well take advantage of the available rewards... one of which is the enormous cost savings that result from substituting one unit of geoengineering for 10 or more units of emission reduction effort.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>Much easier and safer to reduce carbon itself.</i></p>
<p>It would be, if we could realistically reduce carbon emission by enough to plausibly matter.</p>
<p>The problem is, <i>that&#39;s not possible</i>.  As Will said, global coordination that involves, among other things, China and India giving up huge chunks of economic growth is a far more speculative &#8220;technology&#8221; than just about anything technical.  If the global warming alarmists are right, it&#39;s practically certain that we&#39;ll need some form of geoengineering.  The risk is unavoidable in that case.  Given that, we may as well take advantage of the available rewards&#8230; one of which is the enormous cost savings that result from substituting one unit of geoengineering for 10 or more units of emission reduction effort.</p>
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		<title>By: Q.Q.Q.!</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594140</link>
		<dc:creator>Q.Q.Q.!</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 15:34:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594140</guid>
		<description>Also, this article at Rortybomb seems to suggest that supertrees are indeed less effective than sulfur, which is also riskier because of the complications noted above.... In light of this evidence, I continue to think that geoengineering is necessary but not sufficient--NOT a silver bullet.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/a-little-more-on-geoengineering/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/a-lit...&lt;/a&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Also, this article at Rortybomb seems to suggest that supertrees are indeed less effective than sulfur, which is also riskier because of the complications noted above&#8230;. In light of this evidence, I continue to think that geoengineering is necessary but not sufficient&#8211;NOT a silver bullet.</p>
<p><a href="http://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/a-little-more-on-geoengineering/" rel="nofollow"></a><a href="http://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/a-lit.." rel="nofollow">http://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/a-lit..</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: jjm172</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594137</link>
		<dc:creator>jjm172</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 14:17:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594137</guid>
		<description>That cap in trade relies on reducing carbon rather than engineering climate change is a feature and not a bug.  Although we can predict accelarating climate change we can not predict in this complex system what the consequences of engineering will be.  Much easier and safer to reduce carbon itself.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That cap in trade relies on reducing carbon rather than engineering climate change is a feature and not a bug.  Although we can predict accelarating climate change we can not predict in this complex system what the consequences of engineering will be.  Much easier and safer to reduce carbon itself.</p>
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		<title>By: slocum</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594135</link>
		<dc:creator>slocum</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 09:28:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594135</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;&quot;That’s why the cap-and-trade as climate engineering discovery mechanism argument looks better to me than most arguments for cap-and-trade. &lt;/i&gt;&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Yes, but, that requires us to believe that offsets well be genuine rather than the shams that they&#039;ve often been so far -- that politicians won&#039;t figure out ways of handing out billions in dubious offset credits as payoffs.  Does anybody think the proposed USDA carbon-offsets for U.S. farmers in Waxman-Markey are more calibrated to the amounts of genuine carbon reductions rather than to the number of dollars thought necessary to buy farm lobby support for the bill?  Repeat ad infinitum.  Nothing at all about the initial efforts in the U.S. inspire confidence--including, in particularl, the idiotic corn-ethanol program.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>&#8220;That’s why the cap-and-trade as climate engineering discovery mechanism argument looks better to me than most arguments for cap-and-trade. </i>&#8220;</p>
<p>Yes, but, that requires us to believe that offsets well be genuine rather than the shams that they&#39;ve often been so far &#8212; that politicians won&#39;t figure out ways of handing out billions in dubious offset credits as payoffs.  Does anybody think the proposed USDA carbon-offsets for U.S. farmers in Waxman-Markey are more calibrated to the amounts of genuine carbon reductions rather than to the number of dollars thought necessary to buy farm lobby support for the bill?  Repeat ad infinitum.  Nothing at all about the initial efforts in the U.S. inspire confidence&#8211;including, in particularl, the idiotic corn-ethanol program.</p>
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		<title>By: Eric Auld</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594133</link>
		<dc:creator>Eric Auld</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 06:43:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594133</guid>
		<description>Thanks for the new Free Will episode.  Will, you must do a Free Will with Herbert Gintis!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for the new Free Will episode.  Will, you must do a Free Will with Herbert Gintis!</p>
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		<title>By: Q.Q.Q.!</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594131</link>
		<dc:creator>Q.Q.Q.!</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:26:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594131</guid>
		<description>Anyway, this article only discusses sulfur. I wonder if the caveats also apply to supertrees (or whatever you call them). Then again I also wonder if supertrees would be as effective.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Anyway, this article only discusses sulfur. I wonder if the caveats also apply to supertrees (or whatever you call them). Then again I also wonder if supertrees would be as effective.</p>
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		<title>By: Q.Q.Q.!</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594130</link>
		<dc:creator>Q.Q.Q.!</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:21:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594130</guid>
		<description>Hey, just wondering if anyone else here had read Nate Silver&#039;s amazing post on this issue, just posted this morning?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/10/geoengineering-is-no-free-lunch-comment.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/10/geoengin...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Thirdly, the largest hurdles to geoengineering are arguably not scientific but political. Although geoengineering approaches would almost certainly succeed in reducing the earth&#039;s average temperature, the effects would not be uniform across the globe, nor would they precisely counterbalance the warming effects of CO2.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&quot;There will be a different distribution of temperatures, and rainfall and wind features,&quot; Latham told me. &quot;If our technique was applied and it reduced rainfall in areas where they are struggling for every drop, than in case we couldn’t remedy that, we would consider not using our scheme.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Certain computer simulations that Latham and his team ran identified, for instance, a reduction in rainfall in South America as a result of one of his suggested implementation proposals. A different implementation scheme might avoid that particular problem, but could cause problems in other areas. Latham seemed reasonably optimistic that with further funding for computer modelling**, such problems could be reduced -- but they could not be entirely eliminated. Some regions would have their climates impacted negatively (in terms of crop yields, habitability, etc.) by geoengineering, certainly relative to the status quo and in some cases relative to large-scale warming.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;And also, his postscript &quot;I&#039;ve received a couple of e-mails to the effect that while geoengineering approaches like releasing sulfur might &quot;solve&quot; the temperature problem, they would not address the issue of ocean acidification, which also results from CO2 emissions. This is certainly worth mentioning; one of the scientists who wrote me described it as a problem &quot;with consequences so enormous and unforseeable as to make a few degrees C of warming pale in comparison&quot;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hey, just wondering if anyone else here had read Nate Silver&#39;s amazing post on this issue, just posted this morning?</p>
<p><a href="http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/10/geoengineering-is-no-free-lunch-comment.html" rel="nofollow"></a><a href="http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/10/geoengin.." rel="nofollow">http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/10/geoengin..</a>.</p>
<p>&#8220;Thirdly, the largest hurdles to geoengineering are arguably not scientific but political. Although geoengineering approaches would almost certainly succeed in reducing the earth&#39;s average temperature, the effects would not be uniform across the globe, nor would they precisely counterbalance the warming effects of CO2.</p>
<p>&#8220;There will be a different distribution of temperatures, and rainfall and wind features,&#8221; Latham told me. &#8220;If our technique was applied and it reduced rainfall in areas where they are struggling for every drop, than in case we couldn’t remedy that, we would consider not using our scheme.&#8221;</p>
<p>Certain computer simulations that Latham and his team ran identified, for instance, a reduction in rainfall in South America as a result of one of his suggested implementation proposals. A different implementation scheme might avoid that particular problem, but could cause problems in other areas. Latham seemed reasonably optimistic that with further funding for computer modelling**, such problems could be reduced &#8212; but they could not be entirely eliminated. Some regions would have their climates impacted negatively (in terms of crop yields, habitability, etc.) by geoengineering, certainly relative to the status quo and in some cases relative to large-scale warming.&#8221;</p>
<p>And also, his postscript &#8220;I&#39;ve received a couple of e-mails to the effect that while geoengineering approaches like releasing sulfur might &#8220;solve&#8221; the temperature problem, they would not address the issue of ocean acidification, which also results from CO2 emissions. This is certainly worth mentioning; one of the scientists who wrote me described it as a problem &#8220;with consequences so enormous and unforseeable as to make a few degrees C of warming pale in comparison&#8221;.</p>
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		<title>By: Q.Q.Q.!</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594129</link>
		<dc:creator>Q.Q.Q.!</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:07:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594129</guid>
		<description>&quot;Matt’s suggestion that a cap-and-trade system would create a market-esque discovery mechanism for offsetting technology is probably the best argument I’ve ever heard for cap-and-trade&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;I thought this was the ONLY argument for cap and trade! Did I miss something?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Actually, I&#039;m sure I missed something, since this isn&#039;t really my favorite issue, but whenever cap-and-trade has come up I&#039;ve always assumed this was the reasoning.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Matt’s suggestion that a cap-and-trade system would create a market-esque discovery mechanism for offsetting technology is probably the best argument I’ve ever heard for cap-and-trade&#8221;</p>
<p>I thought this was the ONLY argument for cap and trade! Did I miss something?</p>
<p>Actually, I&#39;m sure I missed something, since this isn&#39;t really my favorite issue, but whenever cap-and-trade has come up I&#39;ve always assumed this was the reasoning.</p>
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		<title>By: Will Wilkinson</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594120</link>
		<dc:creator>Will Wilkinson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:25:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594120</guid>
		<description>Right!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Right!</p>
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		<title>By: Technology Technology, Institutional Technology, and Global Warming- Forex4Trader</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594117</link>
		<dc:creator>Technology Technology, Institutional Technology, and Global Warming- Forex4Trader</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:51:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594117</guid>
		<description>[...] the original post: Technology Technology, Institutional Technology, and Global Warming  Tags: avent, developing-bett, find-out, human, makes-sense, relative, think-it-makes, [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] the original post: Technology Technology, Institutional Technology, and Global Warming  Tags: avent, developing-bett, find-out, human, makes-sense, relative, think-it-makes, [...]</p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/10/20/technology-technology-institutional-technology-and-global-warming/comment-page-1/#comment-594119</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:28:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3837#comment-594119</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;And a lot of climate engineering is like this, focused on offsetting warming through channels unrelated to atmospheric carbon levels.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ocean acidification.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;But, hey, given how insensitive  you are to arguments against fucking around with the delicate complex systems of the global economy from a position of ignorance, I&#039;m sure you&#039;re equally blase about ignorant fucking around with complex global ecosystems.  Right?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>And a lot of climate engineering is like this, focused on offsetting warming through channels unrelated to atmospheric carbon levels.</i></p>
<p>Ocean acidification.  </p>
<p>But, hey, given how insensitive  you are to arguments against fucking around with the delicate complex systems of the global economy from a position of ignorance, I&#39;m sure you&#39;re equally blase about ignorant fucking around with complex global ecosystems.  Right?</p>
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