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	<title>Comments on: John Galt and the Billion Tweaks</title>
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	<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/</link>
	<description>The Sweet Release of Reason</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 18:26:09 -0700</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Hoffman</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-590805</link>
		<dc:creator>Hoffman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2009 07:35:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-590805</guid>
		<description>I need to remember onething here..During the president electon When Obama was elect as president he told why we shouldn&#039;t nationalize the banks.. also he recalled the systemic differences between our and Sweden&#039;s banking networks,&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ez-screen.com/interior.cfm?pid=ez%201200xl&quot; rel=&quot;follow&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;topsoil Screener&lt;/a&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I need to remember onething here..During the president electon When Obama was elect as president he told why we shouldn&#39;t nationalize the banks.. also he recalled the systemic differences between our and Sweden&#39;s banking networks,<br /><a href="http://www.ez-screen.com/interior.cfm?pid=ez%201200xl" rel="follow" rel="nofollow">topsoil Screener</a></p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588624</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2009 15:01:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588624</guid>
		<description>Let&#039;s review, shall we?  &quot;Arbitrary caps&quot; has been shown to be a bogus objection, and we now both agree that c&amp;t addresses a major shortcoming (or &quot;difficulty&quot; if you prefer) of Pigouvian taxes. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&quot;QED and out&quot;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let&#39;s review, shall we?  &#8220;Arbitrary caps&#8221; has been shown to be a bogus objection, and we now both agree that c&#038;t addresses a major shortcoming (or &#8220;difficulty&#8221; if you prefer) of Pigouvian taxes. </p>
<p>&#8220;QED and out&#8221;.</p>
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		<title>By: R. Kevin Hill</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588622</link>
		<dc:creator>R. Kevin Hill</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2009 14:58:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588622</guid>
		<description>Part of the reason I&#039;m so reluctant to comment on politics is because almost everything everyone says about it is such nonsense, a confection of wishful thinking, untestable conjecture, and self-aggrandizing blame of the partisan opposition. But here goes anyway. It is not at all hard to figure out what the root cause of the current crisis is, and it is neither the oppression of the self-styled Galts who have suffered under what they imagine to be the interminable Obama administration which began sometime a few decades ago, nor is it due to the zero government spending, gold standard following Bush administration with its well concealed exploitation of labor power, colonial and domestic. It was artificially low interest rates induced by the Fed, a practice begun in the 90s when Greenspan drifted from righteous concern about price stability to panicky concern about keeping &lt;a href=&quot;http://post-dot.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;post-dot.com&lt;/a&gt; bubble stock prices artificially high. Low interest rates mean excess borrowing by the unqualified, artificially high prices for what they buy (real estate), culminating in massive defaults. Low interest rates mean lenders have to make up in quantity what they lack in quality. Securitization of risk was the anaesthesia facilitating the process. There&#039;s enough blame to go around to make everyone uncomfortable, but the root causes are at the Fed, or more to the point, at the very idea of there being such a thing as the Fed.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;I was at a party once and someone defiantly asked me &quot;name one businessman who resembles a positive character in &lt;i&gt;Atlas Shrugged&lt;/i&gt;.&quot; I promptly replied, &quot;Ed Land of Polaroid.&quot; If I were asked again today, I would add Steve Jobs. I can&#039;t think of anyone else. I doubt Miss Rand would disagree. But her extraordinarily peculiar and still largely misunderstood book is also filled with repulsive businessmen who engage in unfair competition, monopolistic practices, lobbying for special favors, manufacture of tortious products and services that kill people, etc. etc. etc. When innovation leaves, the world they&#039;ve built destroys itself. Interestingly, no one identifies themselves or others with all of &lt;i&gt;those&lt;/i&gt; characters. Fans and critics alike misread her if they think they know who she supported or opposed, or would support or oppose. As for what happens when the creative dynamo upon whom everything depends walks away and then returns, historians of Apple, Inc. know the answer to that, as do its shareholders.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Part of the reason I&#39;m so reluctant to comment on politics is because almost everything everyone says about it is such nonsense, a confection of wishful thinking, untestable conjecture, and self-aggrandizing blame of the partisan opposition. But here goes anyway. It is not at all hard to figure out what the root cause of the current crisis is, and it is neither the oppression of the self-styled Galts who have suffered under what they imagine to be the interminable Obama administration which began sometime a few decades ago, nor is it due to the zero government spending, gold standard following Bush administration with its well concealed exploitation of labor power, colonial and domestic. It was artificially low interest rates induced by the Fed, a practice begun in the 90s when Greenspan drifted from righteous concern about price stability to panicky concern about keeping <a href="http://post-dot.com" rel="nofollow">post-dot.com</a> bubble stock prices artificially high. Low interest rates mean excess borrowing by the unqualified, artificially high prices for what they buy (real estate), culminating in massive defaults. Low interest rates mean lenders have to make up in quantity what they lack in quality. Securitization of risk was the anaesthesia facilitating the process. There&#39;s enough blame to go around to make everyone uncomfortable, but the root causes are at the Fed, or more to the point, at the very idea of there being such a thing as the Fed.</p>
<p>I was at a party once and someone defiantly asked me &#8220;name one businessman who resembles a positive character in <i>Atlas Shrugged</i>.&#8221; I promptly replied, &#8220;Ed Land of Polaroid.&#8221; If I were asked again today, I would add Steve Jobs. I can&#39;t think of anyone else. I doubt Miss Rand would disagree. But her extraordinarily peculiar and still largely misunderstood book is also filled with repulsive businessmen who engage in unfair competition, monopolistic practices, lobbying for special favors, manufacture of tortious products and services that kill people, etc. etc. etc. When innovation leaves, the world they&#39;ve built destroys itself. Interestingly, no one identifies themselves or others with all of <i>those</i> characters. Fans and critics alike misread her if they think they know who she supported or opposed, or would support or oppose. As for what happens when the creative dynamo upon whom everything depends walks away and then returns, historians of Apple, Inc. know the answer to that, as do its shareholders.</p>
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		<title>By: Paul Zrimsek</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588600</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Zrimsek</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2009 11:34:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588600</guid>
		<description>Gosh, no one warned me there was a &lt;i&gt;difficulty&lt;/i&gt; involved. Curse you, Greg Mankiw!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gosh, no one warned me there was a <i>difficulty</i> involved. Curse you, Greg Mankiw!</p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588549</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 22:51:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588549</guid>
		<description>From Wikipedia:&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;One difficulty with Pigovian tax is calculating what level of tax will counterbalance the negative externality. Political factors such as lobbying of government by polluters may also tend to reduce the level of the tax levied, which will tend to reduce the mitigating effect of the tax.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;How can your suggestion that we review remedial economics not be considered an &quot;own goal&quot; on your part given the above quote?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Dazzle me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>From Wikipedia:</p>
<p><i>One difficulty with Pigovian tax is calculating what level of tax will counterbalance the negative externality. Political factors such as lobbying of government by polluters may also tend to reduce the level of the tax levied, which will tend to reduce the mitigating effect of the tax.</i></p>
<p>How can your suggestion that we review remedial economics not be considered an &#8220;own goal&#8221; on your part given the above quote?</p>
<p>Dazzle me.</p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588548</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 22:49:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588548</guid>
		<description>From Wikipedia:&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;One difficulty with Pigovian tax is calculating what level of tax will counterbalance the negative externality. Political factors such as lobbying of government by polluters may also tend to reduce the level of the tax levied, which will tend to reduce the mitigating effect of the tax.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;How can your suggestion that we review remedial economics not be considered an &quot;own goal&quot; on your part given the above quote?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Dazzle me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>From Wikipedia:</p>
<p><i>One difficulty with Pigovian tax is calculating what level of tax will counterbalance the negative externality. Political factors such as lobbying of government by polluters may also tend to reduce the level of the tax levied, which will tend to reduce the mitigating effect of the tax.</i></p>
<p>How can your suggestion that we review remedial economics not be considered an &#8220;own goal&#8221; on your part given the above quote?</p>
<p>Dazzle me.</p>
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		<title>By: Paul Zrimsek</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588526</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Zrimsek</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 18:56:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588526</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;Under a tax, we guess at a price that we think will achieve x+y emissions.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Better google &quot;Pigovian tax&quot; before getting into a debate like this again. It&#039;s hard to talk sense about something when you misunderstand it this completely.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>Under a tax, we guess at a price that we think will achieve x+y emissions.</i></p>
<p>Better google &#8220;Pigovian tax&#8221; before getting into a debate like this again. It&#39;s hard to talk sense about something when you misunderstand it this completely.</p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588524</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 18:32:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588524</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;If we can do CBA, then we must know how much emissions are costing us in environmental damage, and we can base a carbon tax on that knowledge. QED and out.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Once more, for whatever it&#039;s worth:&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Science tells us that emission level x is advised.  Cap and trade starts with a cap higher than x but lower than current  levels, call it x+y.  The goal is to gradually make y equal to zero.  As we do this we are receiving accurate feedback on the costs of the emission reductions through that miracle of markets, price discovery.  This is information that we can use to adjust the rate of y&#039;s diminution or to re-evaluate the advisability of achieving x (in other words, CBA with an accurate understanding of the C part).  Meanwhile, we have guaranteed that emissions actually are x+y, no more, no less.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Under a tax, we guess at a price that we think will achieve x+y emissions.  Next year, when actual emissions turn out to be x+q, we guess again.  If the relationship between prices and different values of y is non-linear, these guesses will be very hard to get right.   Eventually, however, we get close to x+y, but our energies have been focused on figuring out a price, not on what an accurate understanding of the costs involved imply for our future course of action.  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Meanwhile, I&#039;m certain that our principled libertarian friends will restrain themselves from &quot;taking advantage of a good crisis&quot; and not claim that government sucks at setting prices and that this proves that reducing emissions is a misguided idea.  Hahahaha!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Take your pick.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>If we can do CBA, then we must know how much emissions are costing us in environmental damage, and we can base a carbon tax on that knowledge. QED and out.</i></p>
<p>Once more, for whatever it&#39;s worth:</p>
<p>Science tells us that emission level x is advised.  Cap and trade starts with a cap higher than x but lower than current  levels, call it x+y.  The goal is to gradually make y equal to zero.  As we do this we are receiving accurate feedback on the costs of the emission reductions through that miracle of markets, price discovery.  This is information that we can use to adjust the rate of y&#39;s diminution or to re-evaluate the advisability of achieving x (in other words, CBA with an accurate understanding of the C part).  Meanwhile, we have guaranteed that emissions actually are x+y, no more, no less.</p>
<p>Under a tax, we guess at a price that we think will achieve x+y emissions.  Next year, when actual emissions turn out to be x+q, we guess again.  If the relationship between prices and different values of y is non-linear, these guesses will be very hard to get right.   Eventually, however, we get close to x+y, but our energies have been focused on figuring out a price, not on what an accurate understanding of the costs involved imply for our future course of action.  </p>
<p>Meanwhile, I&#39;m certain that our principled libertarian friends will restrain themselves from &#8220;taking advantage of a good crisis&#8221; and not claim that government sucks at setting prices and that this proves that reducing emissions is a misguided idea.  Hahahaha!</p>
<p>Take your pick.</p>
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		<title>By: Paul Zrimsek</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588493</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Zrimsek</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 14:08:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588493</guid>
		<description>If we can do CBA, then we must know how much emissions are costing us in environmental damage, and we can base a carbon tax on that knowledge.  QED and out.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If we can do CBA, then we must know how much emissions are costing us in environmental damage, and we can base a carbon tax on that knowledge.  QED and out.</p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588488</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 13:57:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588488</guid>
		<description>This conversation has now turned into a mobius strip.  The cap would be based on scientific evidence regarding the current state of the atmosphere, and presumably modified by CBA and empirical feedback.  How is this arbitrary?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;My skin&#039;s fine, thanks.  Here on the toobz, snark is the coin of the realm.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This conversation has now turned into a mobius strip.  The cap would be based on scientific evidence regarding the current state of the atmosphere, and presumably modified by CBA and empirical feedback.  How is this arbitrary?</p>
<p>My skin&#39;s fine, thanks.  Here on the toobz, snark is the coin of the realm.</p>
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		<title>By: Paul Zrimsek</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588480</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Zrimsek</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 10:50:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588480</guid>
		<description>If, as you have implied, we can&#039;t estimate the costs of carbon emissions, there&#039;s no non-arbitrary way to set the cap.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;P.S. Grow a skin.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If, as you have implied, we can&#39;t estimate the costs of carbon emissions, there&#39;s no non-arbitrary way to set the cap.</p>
<p>P.S. Grow a skin.</p>
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		<title>By: Dave</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588456</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 03:05:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588456</guid>
		<description>But since the existing internet was government-created, surely it must suck and the private sector could do better!  Lord knows this internet is terrible and has led to no innovation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But since the existing internet was government-created, surely it must suck and the private sector could do better!  Lord knows this internet is terrible and has led to no innovation.</p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588450</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 01:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588450</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;But if the cap is to be set arbitrarily...&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Who said anything about arbitrarily?  Throwing a dart at a bunch of numbers on the wall would certainly be a very stupid way to set emission targets.  Of course better metrics, both economic and climatological, would be ideal, but letting the perfect be the enemy of the good is, in my opinion, unhelpful.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;But if it helps you make your decision to think of cap and trade advocates as drooling idiots who have never heard of cost-benefit analysis, more power to you.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>But if the cap is to be set arbitrarily&#8230;</i></p>
<p>Who said anything about arbitrarily?  Throwing a dart at a bunch of numbers on the wall would certainly be a very stupid way to set emission targets.  Of course better metrics, both economic and climatological, would be ideal, but letting the perfect be the enemy of the good is, in my opinion, unhelpful.</p>
<p>But if it helps you make your decision to think of cap and trade advocates as drooling idiots who have never heard of cost-benefit analysis, more power to you.</p>
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		<title>By: DMonteith</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-2/#comment-588445</link>
		<dc:creator>DMonteith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 00:09:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588445</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;You haven&#039;t been persuasive so there&#039;s no hope? &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;I&#039;d be more hopeful if your argument didn&#039;t essentially consist of &quot;I&#039;ve never heard of that so it must not exist&quot;.  To the extent that my lack of persuasiveness may stem from just being a messenger, I recommend that you read the economists Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, Kenneth Boulding, and especially Herman Daly.  The ethicist/theologian John Cobb is good read on the moral issues too.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;If you read some of their stuff, come away unconvinced and explain why, then I&#039;d be happy.  Dialogue, given its relative scarcity, is probably more valuable than agreement anyway.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;As for the Cato crack--just calling it how I see it; maybe you can change my mind.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>You haven&#39;t been persuasive so there&#39;s no hope? </i></p>
<p>I&#39;d be more hopeful if your argument didn&#39;t essentially consist of &#8220;I&#39;ve never heard of that so it must not exist&#8221;.  To the extent that my lack of persuasiveness may stem from just being a messenger, I recommend that you read the economists Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, Kenneth Boulding, and especially Herman Daly.  The ethicist/theologian John Cobb is good read on the moral issues too.</p>
<p>If you read some of their stuff, come away unconvinced and explain why, then I&#39;d be happy.  Dialogue, given its relative scarcity, is probably more valuable than agreement anyway.</p>
<p>As for the Cato crack&#8211;just calling it how I see it; maybe you can change my mind.</p>
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		<title>By: Paul Zrimsek</title>
		<link>http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2009/03/06/john-galt-and-the-billion-tweaks/comment-page-1/#comment-588444</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Zrimsek</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 00:04:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=3091#comment-588444</guid>
		<description>Nothing you could have said would make me more certain that cap-and-trade is a bad idea.  I started out with only a moderate preference for a carbon tax; that was because I assumed that under the alternative the cap would be set by some sort of cost-benefit analysis, and I thought that we could cut out an unnecessary and fallible step by building the costs into fuel prices and leaving it to the market to balance them against the benefits.  But if the cap is to be set arbitrarily I would prefer &lt;i&gt;any&lt;/i&gt; other arrangement, including the old-style fixed permits; at least with them you might get CBA done on a case-by-case basis.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nothing you could have said would make me more certain that cap-and-trade is a bad idea.  I started out with only a moderate preference for a carbon tax; that was because I assumed that under the alternative the cap would be set by some sort of cost-benefit analysis, and I thought that we could cut out an unnecessary and fallible step by building the costs into fuel prices and leaving it to the market to balance them against the benefits.  But if the cap is to be set arbitrarily I would prefer <i>any</i> other arrangement, including the old-style fixed permits; at least with them you might get CBA done on a case-by-case basis.</p>
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